What are roots called that grow along the surface rather than deep into the soil?

The term for roots that grow along the surface of the soil rather than deep into it is "lateral roots." These roots typically branch out horizontally from the main root system, providing stability and access to water and nutrients in the upper layers of soil. This growth pattern makes them essential for the overall health of the plant, especially in environments where heavy rains can erode deeper soil layers or where the topsoil is nutrient-rich.

Lateral roots play a crucial role in anchoring the plant while also allowing it to effectively gather resources from the surface soil. The structure of these roots aids in maximizing exposure to rainfall and organic matter that may accumulate near the soil surface, which is beneficial for absorption.