What is the active xylem tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the crown known as?

The active xylem tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the crown of the tree is known as sapwood. Sapwood is the younger, outermost layer of xylem, which is actively involved in the conduction of water and dissolved minerals taken up from the soil. It is vital for the tree's overall growth and health, as it facilitates the upward movement of these essential resources to the leaves where photosynthesis occurs.

Heartwood, in contrast, is the central core of older xylem that no longer participates in the transportation of water and nutrients. Although heartwood provides structural support to the tree, it does not have the same functional role as sapwood.

Cambium refers to a layer of actively dividing cells that contribute to the growth of xylem and phloem but is not itself a tissue that transports water. It serves as a growth layer between the sapwood and the phloem, producing new cells for both types of tissues.

Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves to the rest of the tree. While it is essential for nutrient distribution, it operates in a different capacity than xylem, which is designated for water and mineral transport