What term is used to describe parallel lines that denote the north-south locations of townships?

The term that describes parallel lines denoting the north-south locations of townships is "Range lines." In the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), range lines run perpendicular to the base line and indicate the east-west divisions of land, allowing for the organization of land into townships. Each township is further divided by the range lines which provide a systematic way to identify land locations.

Township lines, on the other hand, are the horizontal lines that run parallel to the base line and designate the north-south divisions of land, which is the essence of townships. Meridian lines refer to the principal north-south lines, which help to set up the grid for the survey but do not indicate the locations within the townships. Latitude lines denote the geographic measurements from the equator, defining east-west positioning, not township divisions specifically.