What type of trees receive sunlight from above but not from the sides due to competition?

Intermediate trees are those that are located between dominant and understory trees in a forest. They receive sunlight from above, as they are high enough to be above the canopy formed by the taller trees, but because they are shorter than dominant and co-dominant trees, they do not receive sunlight from the sides. This lack of lateral light occurs due to the competition for resources between trees of different heights, with taller trees overshadowing those that are shorter. In this situation, intermediate trees may struggle for growth as they are not able to access sunlight from multiple angles, impacting their overall health and development. This characteristic is crucial in understanding forest dynamics and the growth patterns of various tree species.