Which of these trees are typically found in the understory of a forest?

Shade-tolerant trees are typically found in the understory of a forest due to their ability to thrive in low-light conditions. These trees have adapted to grow in the shadows cast by the taller canopy trees, which allows them to take advantage of the limited light that filters down to the forest floor. Shade-tolerant species, such as dogwood, redbud, and certain types of oaks, are important in forest ecosystems because they contribute to biodiversity and provide habitat for various wildlife.

In contrast, pioneer species are usually the first plants to colonize disturbed areas and are not typically associated with the understory of mature forests. They prefer open spaces where they can receive full sunlight to grow quickly. Hardwood softwoods can refer to a range of tree types that include species from both categories, and their presence can vary widely depending on the specific forest structure and composition. Canopy trees, by definition, grow at the top layer of the forest and create the overhead cover that defines the forest's architecture, meaning they are not found in the understory. Thus, shade-tolerant trees are specifically adapted for growth beneath the canopy, making them the correct choice in this context.